Members of the Chicago Cubs celebrate after closing out a victory over the San Francisco Giants.

Acknolwedgements

This project would not have been possible without the larger Baseball Internet, and its endless maw for discussion and argument about this wonderful game.

Selected Bibliography

MLB keeps an official rules glossary that proved indispensable in nailing down the finer points of many entries. Meanwhile, for an even more exhaustive look at the rules, may I recommend the official MLB rulebook (which opens as a PDF), or the MLB Umpire’s Handbook (which also opens as a PDF; obvious caveat here in that I was only able to dig up the 2019 version).

I additionally got a lot of help from Wikipedia, and I was able to flesh out some historical information about certain rules from sites like The Baseball Almanac or SABR (the Society for American Baseball Research). Similarly, the archives at Retrosheet were extremely helpful in locating certain game events that I could go pull as examples.

And of course, the articles throughout the rest of the site include links that offer lots of helpful details/context on various points, so my thanks to the myriad of authors and sites involved in that work.

I should also thank the architects of MLB’s Video room; though I may have my own notes on how that place is put together, I absolutely could not have done this nearly as well without it.